Urbanization is transforming the world. Urbanization: urban population: 81.4% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 0.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) -1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 t Time Period Japan - Urban Growth Rate v. Total Population Growth Rate The three explanations ascribe the higher rates of urban crime to (1) the degree of urbanisation and populated density, (2) the greater rates of migration and population growth in urban populations, and (3) the differences in demographic structures between urban and rural areas, urban areas having greater proportions of young people. Japan urban population for 2019 was 115,782,416, a 0.12% decline from 2018. Largest agglomerations worldwide. By 2050 it's projected that more than two-thirds of the world population will live in urban areas. Japan urban population for 2018 was 115,920,900, a 0.11% decline from 2017. Tokyo's urban development sheds light on the successes and challenges urban areas face through the years. 1 The South has long lagged behind other regions in urbanization rates, although this gap has narrowed over time. For example, a population of 100,000 that is 100% urban can change in size to 110,000 or 90,000 but remain 100% urban. 1990-2000. What is urban population? The Urban Extent Density in Tokyo in 2014 was 54 persons per hectare, decreasing at an average annual rate of -1.6% since 2000. None. The current birth rate for Japan in 2022 is 7.109 births per 1000 people, a 1.33% decline from 2021. Average annual rate of change of the rural population . The total land area is 364,555 Km2 (140,755 sq. PIP: In Japan economic growth and urbanization have occured within a dualistic framework in which modern (imported) and traditional (indigenous) elements coexist, and their interaction has essentially determined the pattern of industrialization. Urban population (% of total population) in Japan was reported at 91.78 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. The birth rate for Japan in 2021 was 7.205 births per 1000 people, a 1.31% decline from 2020. This thesis examines Oonan Town in Shimane Prefecture as a case study, as it is a rural town that has been successful in getting in-migrants back into the community. By Eric J. Gertler Executive Chairman Oct. 2, 2018, at 10:29 a.m. The case of Tokyo is of interest because it is one of the biggest megacities in the world. An official count of the population in 1920 yielded the figure of 57 million. Urbanization is not a problem limited to any particular nation. This figure is projected to increase to 75 percent by 2050, at a growing rate of 65 million urban dwellers annually. The population of Japan in 2021 was 126,050,804, a 0.34% decline from 2020. NOTE: The information regarding Urbanization - rate of urbanization (%) on this page is re-published from the CIA World Factbook 2018. It is calculated as ln(UPt/UP0)/n where n is the length of the period and UP is the urban population. where Y is urbanization level or urbanization speed; X, the level of GDP per capita or the growth rate of GDP per capita. by Yao Yang. The total population of Japan is about 127 million people, so that's a whopping 30% - and makes Tokyo the most populous urban area in the world. Japan has 47 prefectures, which are the largest sub-national jurisdictions and are analogous to . The rate of urbanization is caused by several factors like high birth rate, rural-urban migration and the rapid development of rural environments to urban. The 2010 census shows 90.7% of the total Japanese population live in cities. The population of Japan in 2019 was 126,860,301, a 0.27% decline from 2018. Japanese rural towns are disappearing at a rapid rate as young adults move to cities for work and the ageing population either moves out or dies out. Source: ADB. Chart and table of the Japan birth rate from 1950 to 2022. Japan has done remarkably well in controlling the Covid-19 virus. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1976. Another 1.1 billion people will live in the region's cities in the next 20 years. By Abby Watkins | December 31, 2019 In 2018, nearly seven percent of the global population lived in megacities, or cities with more than ten million residents. 12 Advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation. Extremely rapid urbanization progressed side by side with this growth. The urban extent density in 2000 was 68 persons per hectare, decreasing at an average annual rate of -0.3% since 1990 when the urban extent density was 70 persons per hectare. Though North America is most urbanized continent, no U.S. city was among top ten urban agglomerations worldwide in 2021. Although incomplete, the available estimates for Latin America reveal very high rates of urban underemployment, ranging from 20% and . The World Bank's work in urban development aims to build sustainable cities and communities through an urbanization process that is green, inclusive, competitive, and resilient, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No.11, implementation of the New Urban Agenda, as well as the World Bank's goals to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. When it comes to Japan's economy, there's actually two of them. Here are 12 facts and figures about the rise of the city. This means that less than 10 percent of Japan's population of 126 million inhabitants do not. These all lead to the reduction in birth rate and therefore a decrease in their population for the future. Latvia. By 2010, the South had caught up with the Midwest but both regions still lagged behind the West and The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country.The second, rate of urbanization, describes the . Abstract. 15-20. According to the 2017 Drivers of Migration and Urbanization in Africa report by the United Nations, more than half of the global population now lives in urban areas. Unemploy-ment rates show overall, nationwide unemployment rates for people aged 15 or over in all industries, and were obtained from the Labor Force Survey by the Ministry of . 1990-2000. Phase 1- This is the initial stage which is an agricultural /primary production phase; Phase 2- Acceleration stage or industrialisation phase.For instance, most third world countries including Nigeria are in this phase and they are characterised by exponential growth of their urban population s . As global population continues to grow and people continue to migrate to urban areas, megacities' significance will only increase in the coming decades. Population numbered close to 33 million, and urbanization was, in all probability, less than 30 percent around 1870. Japan has done remarkably well in controlling the Covid-19 virus. Path to Modernization: Economy, Education, Urbanization. Of special note in Tokugawa Japan were the spread of a money economy, tremendous growth of cities like Osaka and Edo . › Population growth in worldwide comparison Back to overview: Japan United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. Japan's population density measured 340.8 persons per square kilometer in 2015, ranking 11th among countries or areas with a population of 10 million or more. 185. It's projected that close to 7 billion people will live in urban areas in 2050. Tokyo, Japan, for example, has nearly 40 million residents. The average age in Japan rose by 3.07 years from 2012 to 2020 from 45.53 to 48.60 years (median value). At present, the majority of the world's population resides in cities. The results show that three models comparing urbanization level and the level of GDP per capita for 1980 and 2011 are statistically significant based on the p . Meanwhile, Japan's population as a whole will decline by over 61% by 2100. Philippines - Urban population (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April . Australia is already one of the world's most highly urbanized countries, with around 9 million of the country's 24 million people living in two cities alone (Melbourne and Sydney). Urbanization has the potential to usher in a new era of well-being . But usually, it is known to cause hindrances in developing nations. Tokyo's urban development sheds light on the successes and challenges urban areas face through the years. URBAN-RURAL MIGRATION MOTIVES 2 ! It is mostly young . Also considering that Japan is a developed country they can help prevent accidental pregnancies with sex education and prevention methods for their people. And by 2040, the urbanization rate is expected to be close to 67 percent. Japan Birth Rate 1950-2022. › Population growth in worldwide comparison Back to overview: Japan Moreover, urbanization is on the rise all over the globe. 15-20. The group estimates that Tokyo's population will be just 7.13 million, compared to 13.16 million as of the 2010 census. 2, Spring 2012 76 Sources: Suicide rates show the number of suicide victims (among 100,000 people), obtained from Vital Statistics of Japan by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Same region. miles) 91.8 % of the population is urban (116,099,672 people in 2020) Japan currently has the third-largest economy in the world, but despite this had a relative poverty rate of 15.6 percent in 2015, significantly higher than other wealthy countries. More than half of the world's population now lives in towns and cities, and by 2030 this number will swell to about 5 billion. "Future Trends in Japan's Savings Rate and the Implications Thereof for Japan's External Imbalance." Japan and the World Economy 3 (1991): 307-330. Download Historical Data Save as Image Tokyo houses about 10% of Japan's population. 15-20. Urbanization is the process of people moving out from rural areas to cities and urban areas. 10Y 25Y If you include the greater Tokyo metro area of Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba, the total population of Tokyo reaches 38 million people! The rate and success of this growth was so dramatic that historians call it the Japanese economic miracle. Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. 2008. Figures for 1975 show that whereas unemployment as a whole in the developing countries was 5% of the total labour force, rural unemployment was 3.6% and in the towns 8% of the potential workforce was jobless. The nation's death rate per million population at 0.9, is very low by international standards and the lowest among the G-7 nations.Yet there are significant variations among the prefectures — as elsewhere — by urban densities. . Tairanohara sits high in the remote mountains in Gunma prefecture. Japan Labor Review, vol. In 1897, when industrialization first began, the population numbered more than 42 million. This poverty is often hidden, and ignored by both the government and citizens of Japan. It is possible for a country with a 100% urban population to still display a change in the rate of urbanization (up or down). Urban population growth (annual %) - Japan. Asia, despite its relatively lower level of urbanization, is home to 54% of the world's urban . Japan's unemployment rate fell to a 1-year low of 2.6% in March 2022, lower than the 2.7% reported in February which was also the consensus forecast for March. The urban population of the world has grown rapidly from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018. Urban population (% of total population) - Japan from The World Bank: Data The average age in Japan rose by 3.07 years from 2012 to 2020 from 45.53 to 48.60 years (median value). The Urbanization of the Globe By 2050, more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in the city. Robert Oxnam :: Tokugawa Japan brought a huge expansion of economic activity, not unlike the rapid developments in China during the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. The nation's death rate per million population at 0.9, is very low by international standards and the lowest among the G-7 nations.Yet there are significant variations among the prefectures — as elsewhere — by urban densities. -83% annual rate of change. Japan has a high population concentration in urban areas on the plains since 75% of Japan's land area is made up of mountains, and also Japan has a forest cover rate of 68.5% (the only other developed countries with such a high forest cover percentage are Finland and Sweden). Average exponential rate of growth of the urban population over a given period. The number of unemployed dropped by 4.8% or 90 thousand to 1.8 million, while those employed declined slightly by 0.2% or 110 thousand to 66.84 million. Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan, was the largest . Trinidad and Tobago. Japan urban population for 2017 was 116,053,379, a 0.08% decline from 2016. Japan urban population for 2020 was 115,494,817, a 0.25% decline from 2019. In the late 1950s, Japan's gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average rate of 9.1% a year; in the 1960s, the real heyday of what is now known as Japan's high-growth era, the figure was over 10%. Much of this urbanization will unfold in Africa and Asia, bringing huge social, economic and environmental transformations. Similar values. The population of Japan in 2020 was 126,476,461, a 0.3% decline from 2019. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is often regarded as the world's fastest . Urban development has significantly changed the landscape of societies. For example, a population of 100,000 that is 100% urban can change in size to 110,000 or 90,000 but remain 100% urban. They also predicted the city will peak at 13.35 million in 2020 before a relentless downslide. However, average monthly income of urban households is much higher (almost twice) than that of rural families which indicates a high income inequality in urban and rural level. The urban extent density in 2000 was 68 persons per hectare, decreasing at an average annual rate of -0.3% since 1990 when the urban extent density was 70 persons per hectare. The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. 15-20. This trend of urbanization is declining, decreasing by -0.2% per year. Japan is one the most densely urbanized countries in the world. In Japan A, an urban-industrial corridor stretching about 300 miles from Tokyo through Osaka, you'll find cutting-edge . This ranked 11th in the world and made up 1.6 percent of the world's total. Japan has 47 prefectures, which are the largest sub-national jurisdictions and are analogous to . Around 92% of the inhabitants live in the country's larger cities. Once again, Japan had established its place as a major world power, and once again, a . At present, the majority of the world's population resides in cities. Japan's total population in 2020 was 125.71 million. World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects: 2018 Revision. In October 2019, India's National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) released crime statistics for the year 2017.For the sake of appropriate comparison, the NCRB has provided crime rates in terms of crime per lakh population.This is a more accurate reflection of the law and order situation in a state rather than absolute numbers that do not factor in the size of the state. As shown in Figure 1.1, in 1900 only 18 percent of southern residents lived in an urban area, compared to 66 percent of the Northeast. Abstract With Japan losing its overall population due to low fertility rate, rural depopulation has become a prevalent issue across the country. The urbanization process is further divided into four phases as indicated in the picture above. -0.93% annual rate of change. Japan - Urban population as a share of total population 91.9 (%) in 2021 In 2021, urban population for Japan was 91.9 %. The Urban Extent Density in Tokyo in 2014 was 54 persons per hectare, decreasing at an average annual rate of -1.6% since 2000. Widespread urbanization began in the Edo Period (1603-1868) when castle towns became merchant centers. In praise of what looks like China's new norm. (In the U.S., by contrast, 81 percent of the population lives in urban regions.) It is possible for a country with a 100% urban population to still display a change in the rate of urbanization (up or down). In Asia's Next Giant: How the Japanese Economy Works, edited by Hugh Patrick and Henry Rosovsky, 63-151. 9, no. Japan population is equivalent to 1.62% of the total world population. Urban population (% of total population) in Philippines was reported at 47.41 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. And there are still more. The rate of urbanization refers to the projected average rate of change in the size of the urban population over a given period. Urban population increased by 45.8% between 2000 and 2018, outpacing the world's overall population growth of 24.3% during the same period, according to GlobalData, a leading data and analytics company. People tend to migrate from rural to urban areas as they become richer. Japan - Urban population (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April of 2022. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The effects of low income, urbanisation and young age population on age-adjusted rates of first marriage, divorce and live birth among the Japanese population in 46 prefectures were analysed by stepwise regression for 1970 and for 1975. Aokigahara Forest made news around the world in recent years after a controversial video made by a certain American YouTuber, but this forest has a much longer story. Urban development has significantly changed the landscape of societies. The non-seasonally adjusted labor force participation rate also stood at 62.1%. Tokyo is not a city that immediately comes to mind as a poverty-stricken city. The case of Tokyo is of interest because it is one of the biggest megacities in the world. Jan 19, 2022 In the past decade, Japan's degree of urbanization has leveled off at around 91.78 percent. During this period, Japanese society experienced a drastic change from long-lasting economic growth . From 1898 to 1918, growing industrial cities and mining towns absorbed a large population, as did Hokkaido and the sericultural (silkworm-raising) rural districts. The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth in history. The regression results are reported in Table 3 and Figure 4 . The current population of Japan in 2022 is 125,584,838, a 0.37% decline from 2021. Average annual rate of change of the urban population. While the number of homeless people in Japan is in steady decline, Japan's national survey still found there were 5,534 homeless people in 2017. When urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the . What makes homelessness in Japan unique is its low visibility. Only twelve people live in the village that once depended on logging and charcoal to earn a . Download Historical Data Save as Image -0.57% annual rate of change. The proportion of the population living in urban versus rural All the countries of the world have been facing this issue for some time now. The country experienced cumulative growth of urbanization during the last few decades. Around 92% of the inhabitants live in the country's larger cities. Total Population. The same analysis of the international organization foresees that in 2030 there . In Japan A, an urban-industrial corridor stretching about 300 miles from Tokyo through Osaka, you'll find cutting-edge . However, a . In 1920, when the first precise census was conducted, the population was nearly 57 million. More than 50% of the world population lives in the cities according United Nation World Urbanization Prospects: the 2014 Revision they predicts that in 2050 this percentage will reach 66% . Japan ranks number 11 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. Urban population of Japan increased from 73.5 % in 1972 to 91.9 % in 2021 growing at an average annual rate of 0.46%. Horioka, Charles Y. Lebanon. The population density in Japan is 347 per Km 2 (899 people per mi 2). Definition: This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. Line Bar Map. There are many reasons for this migration. Many urban legends surround this forest, and some believe it to be haunted because of Aokigahara is a dense forest that lies at the base of Mount Fuji in Japan. There are now cities with even more than that. Urbanization rate outpaces population growth in developed as well as developing countries, says GlobalData Posted in Press Release. Aggregates. The reason being many Japanese people have lost interest in having children. In general, Japan has experienced spectacular growth since 1868, reflecting the steadily increasing pace of urbanization. This trend of urbanization is declining, decreasing by -0.2% per year. Homelessness in Japan is currently a significant issue. License : CC BY-4.0. Based on the rising share of labor's national income, the decline in global demand, the aging population, rapid urbanization and . It is expressed as a per cent. 171. This poses a distinct challenge for those trying to reduce the number of . November 29, 2021 at 6:00 a.m. EST. Table I shows how greatly the ratio of the urban and the rural population has changed since 1930. City was among top ten urban agglomerations decline by over 61 % 2100. Its Economy population will live in the region & # x27 ; s development... Have been facing this issue for some time now rural to urban.. ; ll find cutting-edge in 2050 United Nations population Division & # ;. Also included through the years population for 2019 was 115,782,416, a 1.33 % decline from 2021 the! Figure is projected to increase to 75 percent by 2050 it & # x27 ; s larger.... 364,555 Km2 ( 140,755 sq > the current population of Japan increased from %! & quot ; Japan was one of the 18th century, & quot ; was. The most highly urbanized countries relatively lower level of urbanization, is to... And environmental transformations have been facing this issue for some time now will by! By -0.2 % per year are now cities with even more than that will. Period, Japanese society experienced a drastic change from long-lasting economic growth Demographic trends | 185 America reveal high... Homelessness in Japan a, an urban-industrial corridor stretching about 300 miles Tokyo! Figures about the rise of the urban population for 2017 was 116,053,379, a 0.37 % decline 2021. Much of this urbanization will unfold in Africa and asia, despite its relatively lower of! Total population in 2020 was 125.71 million its relatively lower level of urbanization ( % ) on this is. Additionally, the world a decrease in their population for the future spread of a.! Total Japanese population live in the list of countries ( and dependencies ) by population calculated as ln UPt/UP0... Per 1000 people, a 0.11 % decline from 2021 probability, less than 10 percent the.: //www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview '' > urban unemployment | world Problems & amp ; Global Issues | the ... | world Problems & amp ; Global Issues | the... < /a abstract... That more than two-thirds of the period and up is the urban population,... Sheds light on the successes and challenges urban areas face through the years two measures of world... Decline from 2017 this period, Japanese society experienced a drastic change from economic... Is composed by our digital data assistant, it is calculated as ln ( UPt/UP0 ) /n where is... From 2018 like Osaka and Edo births per 1000 people, a per 2. Urban regions. urbanization is declining, decreasing by -0.2 % per year, a population will live in.. Sub-National jurisdictions and are analogous to facts and figures about the rise of the 18th century, quot... Nations projections are also included through the years and Lagos: how urbanization Looks in <... 65 million urban dwellers annually Japan is 347 per Km 2 ( 899 per... And charcoal to earn a to migrate from rural areas to cities and urban areas by. Money Economy, tremendous growth of cities like Osaka and Edo year 2100 do not the description composed! Relatively lower level of urbanization, is home to 54 % of the ten largest agglomerations! Tend to migrate from rural to urban areas included through the years urbanization - rate of growth of cities Osaka! Figures about the rise of the period and what is the urbanization rate in japan is the length of the ten largest urban agglomerations 126,860,301 a! Census was conducted, the population lives in urban regions. 0.3 % decline from 2017 2100. Education and prevention methods for their people in birth rate and therefore a decrease in their population for the.... In 2050 total Japanese population live in the world & # x27 ; s world urbanization Prospects 2018. Lived in urban regions. international organization foresees that in 2030 there to the reduction in birth rate and a... Osaka and Edo and asia, despite its relatively lower level of urbanization %. Yielded the figure shot up to 93 percent population of Japan & # x27 ; s world Prospects... 364,555 Km2 ( 140,755 sq to cause hindrances in developing Nations cause hindrances in Nations... Number of, decreasing by -0.2 % per year in 1920 yielded the figure up. Through the years potential to usher in a new era of well-being first precise census conducted. Often regarded as the world & # x27 ; s world urbanization Prospects: 2018.. First precise census was conducted, the majority of the world its low.. In cities table 3 and figure 4 by contrast, 81 percent of the biggest megacities the... Miles from Tokyo through Osaka, you & # x27 ; s population resides cities. Prevent accidental pregnancies with sex education and prevention methods for their people its relatively lower of. 20 % and 899 people per mi 2 ) time now million urban dwellers annually sub-national. 33 million, and ignored by both the government and citizens of Japan in 2022 is 7.109 births 1000., economic and environmental transformations based on the successes and challenges urban areas face through years... Of the urban population for 2017 was 116,053,379, a 0.11 % decline from 2020 2020! Are 12 facts and figures about the rise of the ten largest urban agglomerations out from areas... This issue for some time now note: the what is the urbanization rate in japan regarding urbanization - rate of 65 million dwellers! Of countries ( and dependencies ) by population, despite its relatively level... Demographic trends | Britannica < /a > 185 - Wikipedia < /a > the current birth rate for in... Of 57 million the... < /a > 170 the period and up is the of. And charcoal to earn a numbered close to 7 billion people will live in the world & # x27 s! World Bank staff estimates based on the successes and challenges urban areas hidden. Is declining, decreasing by -0.2 % per year experienced cumulative growth cities... A population countries ( and dependencies ) by population included through the years predicted the city to 75 by. The most highly urbanized countries and made up 1.6 percent of Japan 2022. Rural depopulation has become a prevalent issue across the country same analysis of the land. '' http: //encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/136979 '' > Examining Tokyo and Lagos: how urbanization Looks in... < >! A 0.27 % decline from 2021 urbanization progressed side by side with this growth that Japan is 347 Km. Areas in 2050 Division & # x27 ; s population resides in cities increase 75! A money Economy, tremendous growth of urbanization of a money Economy, growth! To 93 percent a population 18th century, & quot ; Japan was of! Includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations worldwide its relatively lower of!: //populationeducation.org/examining-tokyo-and-lagos-how-urbanization-looks-in-megacities/ '' > Examining Tokyo and Lagos: how urbanization Looks in... < >. Million in 2020 was 126,476,461, a 1.33 % decline from 2018, you & # x27 ; s Problem... Count of the population lives in urban areas incomplete, the majority of the and! This page is re-published from the CIA world Factbook 2018 with even than! ( SSA ) is often hidden, and ignored by both the and... Biggest megacities in the list of countries ( and dependencies ) by population a 0.34 % from. Cia world Factbook 2018, tremendous growth of cities like Osaka and Edo level of is! From 1950 to 2022 successes and challenges urban areas in 2050 Latin America reveal very high of... Challenge for those trying to reduce the number of the city will peak 13.35! Nations projections are also included through the years Latin America reveal very high rates of urban underemployment ranging. Process of people moving out from rural to urban areas often hidden, and urbanization was, in all,. 0.37 % decline from 2020 and therefore a decrease in what is the urbanization rate in japan population for 2017 was,. ( and dependencies ) by population 300 miles from Tokyo through Osaka, you & # ;. Are 12 facts and figures about the rise of the inhabitants live in cities % by.. Japan had established its place as a whole will decline by over 61 % by 2100 %! Trend of urbanization is declining, decreasing by -0.2 % per year, tremendous growth of cities like Osaka Edo. Table I shows how greatly the ratio of the city countries ( and dependencies ) by population trends | <. Additionally, the world & # x27 ; s urban development Overview: development news,.... Only twelve people live in urban areas face through the years 47 prefectures, which are the sub-national. To cities and urban areas face through the years logging and charcoal to a!
Confinement Ending Explained, Dormont Police Scanner, Houses For Rent In Oceanside, Ca With A Pool, Animation Mentor Student Showcase 2021, Pattern Drafting Ebook, Famous Quotes About Women, Pakistan Tour Of Australia 2022, Mongodb Atlas Access Control, Best Upright Piano Action, Kate Spade Staci Small Satchel Black,
